STM32中断应用概览

NVIC 寄存器映射 :

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typedef struct
{
  __IO uint32_t ISER[8];                 /*!< Offset: 0x000 (R/W)  Interrupt Set Enable Register           */
       uint32_t RESERVED0[24];
  __IO uint32_t ICER[8];                 /*!< Offset: 0x080 (R/W)  Interrupt Clear Enable Register         */
       uint32_t RSERVED1[24];
  __IO uint32_t ISPR[8];                 /*!< Offset: 0x100 (R/W)  Interrupt Set Pending Register          */
       uint32_t RESERVED2[24];
  __IO uint32_t ICPR[8];                 /*!< Offset: 0x180 (R/W)  Interrupt Clear Pending Register        */
       uint32_t RESERVED3[24];
  __IO uint32_t IABR[8];                 /*!< Offset: 0x200 (R/W)  Interrupt Active bit Register           */
       uint32_t RESERVED4[56];
  __IO uint8_t  IP[240];                 /*!< Offset: 0x300 (R/W)  Interrupt Priority Register (8Bit wide) */
       uint32_t RESERVED5[644];
  __O  uint32_t STIR;                    /*!< Offset: 0xE00 ( /W)  Software Trigger Interrupt Register     */
}  NVIC_Type;

中断优先级分组库函数 :

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/**
  * @brief  Configures the priority grouping: pre-emption priority and subpriority.
  * @param  NVIC_PriorityGroup: specifies the priority grouping bits length. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_0: 0 bits for pre-emption priority
  *                                4 bits for subpriority
  *     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_1: 1 bits for pre-emption priority
  *                                3 bits for subpriority
  *     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_2: 2 bits for pre-emption priority
  *                                2 bits for subpriority
  *     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_3: 3 bits for pre-emption priority
  *                                1 bits for subpriority
  *     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_4: 4 bits for pre-emption priority
  *                                0 bits for subpriority
  * @note   When the NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 is selected, IRQ pre-emption is no more possible. 
  *         The pending IRQ priority will be managed only by the subpriority. 
  * @retval None
  */
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_NVIC_PRIORITY_GROUP(NVIC_PriorityGroup));
  
  /* Set the PRIGROUP[10:8] bits according to NVIC_PriorityGroup value */
  SCB->AIRCR = AIRCR_VECTKEY_MASK | NVIC_PriorityGroup;
}

中断编程

在配置每个中断的时候一般有 3 个编程要点：

1、使能外设某个中断，这个具体由每个外设的相关中断使能位控制。比如串口有发送完成中断，接收完成中断，这两个中断都由串口控制寄存器的相关中断使能位控制。

2、初始化 NVIC_InitTypeDef 结构体，配置中断优先级分组，设置抢占优先级和子优先级，使能中断请求。

NVIC 初始化结构体 :

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/** 
  * @brief  NVIC Init Structure definition  
  */

typedef struct
{
  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannel;                    /*!< Specifies the IRQ channel to be enabled or disabled.
                                                   This parameter can be an enumerator of @ref IRQn_Type 
                                                   enumeration (For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels
                                                   list, please refer to stm32f4xx.h file) */

  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority;  /*!< Specifies the pre-emption priority for the IRQ channel
                                                   specified in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
                                                   between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref MISC_NVIC_Priority_Table
                                                   A lower priority value indicates a higher priority */

  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority;         /*!< Specifies the subpriority level for the IRQ channel specified
                                                   in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
                                                   between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref MISC_NVIC_Priority_Table
                                                   A lower priority value indicates a higher priority */

  FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd;         /*!< Specifies whether the IRQ channel defined in NVIC_IRQChannel
                                                   will be enabled or disabled. 
                                                   This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */   
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;

(1). NVIC_IROChannel：用来设置中断源，不同的中断中断源不一样，且不可写错，即使写错了程序不会报错，只会导致不想要中断。具体的成员配置可参考 stm32f4xx.h 头文件里面的 IRQn_Type 结构体定义，这个结构体包含了所有的中断源。

IRQn_Type 中断源结构体 :

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typedef enum IRQn
{
/******  Cortex-M4 Processor Exceptions Numbers ****************************************************************/
  NonMaskableInt_IRQn         = -14,    /*!< 2 Non Maskable Interrupt                                          */
  MemoryManagement_IRQn       = -12,    /*!< 4 Cortex-M4 Memory Management Interrupt                           */
  BusFault_IRQn               = -11,    /*!< 5 Cortex-M4 Bus Fault Interrupt                                   */
  UsageFault_IRQn             = -10,    /*!< 6 Cortex-M4 Usage Fault Interrupt                                 */
  SVCall_IRQn                 = -5,     /*!< 11 Cortex-M4 SV Call Interrupt                                    */
  DebugMonitor_IRQn           = -4,     /*!< 12 Cortex-M4 Debug Monitor Interrupt                              */
  PendSV_IRQn                 = -2,     /*!< 14 Cortex-M4 Pend SV Interrupt                                    */
  SysTick_IRQn                = -1,     /*!< 15 Cortex-M4 System Tick Interrupt                                */
/******  STM32 specific Interrupt Numbers **********************************************************************/
  WWDG_IRQn                   = 0,      /*!< Window WatchDog Interrupt                                         */
  PVD_IRQn                    = 1,      /*!< PVD through EXTI Line detection Interrupt                         */
  TAMP_STAMP_IRQn             = 2,      /*!< Tamper and TimeStamp interrupts through the EXTI line             */
  RTC_WKUP_IRQn               = 3,      /*!< RTC Wakeup interrupt through the EXTI line                        */
  FLASH_IRQn                  = 4,      /*!< FLASH global Interrupt                                            */
  RCC_IRQn                    = 5,      /*!< RCC global Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI0_IRQn                  = 6,      /*!< EXTI Line0 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI1_IRQn                  = 7,      /*!< EXTI Line1 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI2_IRQn                  = 8,      /*!< EXTI Line2 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI3_IRQn                  = 9,      /*!< EXTI Line3 Interrupt                                              */
  EXTI4_IRQn                  = 10,     /*!< EXTI Line4 Interrupt                                              */
  DMA1_Stream0_IRQn           = 11,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 0 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream1_IRQn           = 12,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 1 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream2_IRQn           = 13,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 2 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream3_IRQn           = 14,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 3 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream4_IRQn           = 15,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 4 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream5_IRQn           = 16,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 5 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream6_IRQn           = 17,     /*!< DMA1 Stream 6 global Interrupt                                    */
  ADC_IRQn                    = 18,     /*!< ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3 global Interrupts                             */

#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx)
  CAN1_TX_IRQn                = 19,     /*!< CAN1 TX Interrupt                                                 */
  CAN1_RX0_IRQn               = 20,     /*!< CAN1 RX0 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN1_RX1_IRQn               = 21,     /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN1_SCE_IRQn               = 22,     /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt                                                */
  EXTI9_5_IRQn                = 23,     /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts                                     */
  TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn          = 24,     /*!< TIM1 Break interrupt and TIM9 global interrupt                    */
  TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn          = 25,     /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt                  */
  TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn     = 26,     /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
  TIM1_CC_IRQn                = 27,     /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt                                    */
  TIM2_IRQn                   = 28,     /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM3_IRQn                   = 29,     /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM4_IRQn                   = 30,     /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt                                             */
  I2C1_EV_IRQn                = 31,     /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt                                              */
  I2C1_ER_IRQn                = 32,     /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt                                              */
  I2C2_EV_IRQn                = 33,     /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt                                              */
  I2C2_ER_IRQn                = 34,     /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt                                              */
  SPI1_IRQn                   = 35,     /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt                                             */
  SPI2_IRQn                   = 36,     /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt                                             */
  USART1_IRQn                 = 37,     /*!< USART1 global Interrupt                                           */
  USART2_IRQn                 = 38,     /*!< USART2 global Interrupt                                           */
  USART3_IRQn                 = 39,     /*!< USART3 global Interrupt                                           */
  EXTI15_10_IRQn              = 40,     /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts                                   */
  RTC_Alarm_IRQn              = 41,     /*!< RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line Interrupt                   */
  OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQn            = 42,     /*!< USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line interrupt                     */
  TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQn         = 43,     /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt and TIM12 global interrupt                   */
  TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn          = 44,     /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt and TIM13 global interrupt                  */
  TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQn     = 45,     /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM14 global interrupt */
  TIM8_CC_IRQn                = 46,     /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt                                    */
  DMA1_Stream7_IRQn           = 47,     /*!< DMA1 Stream7 Interrupt                                            */
  FSMC_IRQn                   = 48,     /*!< FSMC global Interrupt                                             */
  SDIO_IRQn                   = 49,     /*!< SDIO global Interrupt                                             */
  TIM5_IRQn                   = 50,     /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt                                             */
  SPI3_IRQn                   = 51,     /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt                                             */
  UART4_IRQn                  = 52,     /*!< UART4 global Interrupt                                            */
  UART5_IRQn                  = 53,     /*!< UART5 global Interrupt                                            */
  TIM6_DAC_IRQn               = 54,     /*!< TIM6 global and DAC1&2 underrun error  interrupts                 */
  TIM7_IRQn                   = 55,     /*!< TIM7 global interrupt                                             */
  DMA2_Stream0_IRQn           = 56,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 0 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream1_IRQn           = 57,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 1 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream2_IRQn           = 58,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 2 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream3_IRQn           = 59,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 3 global Interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream4_IRQn           = 60,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 4 global Interrupt                                    */
  ETH_IRQn                    = 61,     /*!< Ethernet global Interrupt                                         */
  ETH_WKUP_IRQn               = 62,     /*!< Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line Interrupt                       */
  CAN2_TX_IRQn                = 63,     /*!< CAN2 TX Interrupt                                                 */
  CAN2_RX0_IRQn               = 64,     /*!< CAN2 RX0 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN2_RX1_IRQn               = 65,     /*!< CAN2 RX1 Interrupt                                                */
  CAN2_SCE_IRQn               = 66,     /*!< CAN2 SCE Interrupt                                                */
  OTG_FS_IRQn                 = 67,     /*!< USB OTG FS global Interrupt                                       */
  DMA2_Stream5_IRQn           = 68,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 5 global interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream6_IRQn           = 69,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 6 global interrupt                                    */
  DMA2_Stream7_IRQn           = 70,     /*!< DMA2 Stream 7 global interrupt                                    */
  USART6_IRQn                 = 71,     /*!< USART6 global interrupt                                           */
  I2C3_EV_IRQn                = 72,     /*!< I2C3 event interrupt                                              */
  I2C3_ER_IRQn                = 73,     /*!< I2C3 error interrupt                                              */
  OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQn         = 74,     /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out global interrupt                       */
  OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQn          = 75,     /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 In global interrupt                        */
  OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQn            = 76,     /*!< USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI interrupt                          */
  OTG_HS_IRQn                 = 77,     /*!< USB OTG HS global interrupt                                       */
  DCMI_IRQn                   = 78,     /*!< DCMI global interrupt                                             */
  CRYP_IRQn                   = 79,     /*!< CRYP crypto global interrupt                                      */
  HASH_RNG_IRQn               = 80,     /*!< Hash and Rng global interrupt                                     */
  FPU_IRQn                    = 81      /*!< FPU global interrupt                                              */
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx */
} IRQn_Type;

(2). NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority：抢占优先级，具体的值要根据优先级分组来确定，具体参考表格优先级分组真值表。

(3). NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority：子优先级，具体的值要根据优先级分组来确定，具体参考表格优先级分组真值表 。

(4). NVIC_IRQChannelCmd：中断使能（ENABLE）或者失能（DISABLE）。操作的是 NVIC_ISER和 NVIC_ICER 这两个寄存器。

3、编写中断服务函数
在启动文件 startup_stm32f40xx.s 中我们预先为每个中断都写了一个中断服务函数，只是这些中断函数都是为空，为的只是初始化中断向量表。实际的中断服务函数都需要我们重新编写，中断服务函数我们统一写在 stm32f4xx_it.c 这个库文件中。关于中断服务函数的函数名必须跟启动文件里面预先设置的一样，如果写错，系统就在中断向量表中找不到中断服务函数的入口，直接跳转到启动文件里面预先写好的空函数，并且在里面无限循环，实现不了中断。